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Globalization of Hansik and its Acceptability as Alternative Cuisine in United States

发布时间:2017-03-30
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Globalization of Hansik and its Acceptability as Alternative Cuisine in United States

Introduction

With the introduction of technology and ease of communication and transportation; our world has become global village in real sense. People from all over the world live and work together and have the chance to experience different traditions and also the cuisines of different countries. Traditionally people used to follow their own traditions even in cuisine, but, with the increase in interaction of people and the communication among people, new types of foods and cuisines are also introduced, to even common people. Now people love trying new kinds of foods and make an addition to their palate. Since, America has become multicultural and multiethnic country; therefore, people from all over the world have come and settled here. Along with them they brought their cultures and cuisines and introduced them to the American. Similar was the case with Koreans and now, Korean cuisine has become the integral part of the supplementary cuisines available to Americans. Here we will learn that how Korean cuisine came to America and has effectively penetrated its food culture, and has been accepted as the essential alternative food.

Body

First seven centuries in CE in Korea are known as the period of three kingdoms because three different kings rules different part of Korean. All the kingdoms had different cultures and so had the variation among their foods and traditions. The diversity in these kingdoms actually shaped the face of the present Korean cuisine. These dynasties were also influenced by other cultures like Chinese and later were unified in 918-1392 CB by the name of Koryo˘ dynasty. The actual shape and the picture of true Korean cuisine appeared in fourteenth century when Choso˘n dynasty was formed and remained in power from 1392 to 1910. This time is considered as the actual time just before the emergence of modern era in Korea. This dynasty is also known as Joseon dynasty (5)

Korean Cuisine in Joseon Dynasty

Before Joseon dynasty, Koreans basically focused on all forms of meats i.e. seafood, birds and animals for their food and the lack of techniques of agriculture in the country has availability of limited vegetables or the plants and they had to mostly rely on the food from the foreign countries like China. When agriculture industry boomed in this dynasty, a lot of plants were added as the food to Korean cuisine. Koreans started growing potatoes, chilies, peanuts, corn, tomatoes, squash and sweet potatoes. And the ease in availability of these foods, these vegetables was readily added to the food of common Korean. (5)

Royal Cuisine

The food that was used to be prepared for the kings had a lots of specialties and that food was called Sura and the table that was arranged for kings was called Surasang. Kings used to have several courses in their meals and also used to take several snacks in a day. They generally had two or three meals in the day and used to have two to three snacks per day. Different kings have different preference due to their nature and medical condition. Three separate tables used to be prepared for every king and there used to be twelve dishes in the food of kings ranging from vegetables to rice to noodles to meat. Different types of sauces, rice, stews and kimchi were considered the essential part of the meal. In addition, vegetables (fresh, cooked and pickled), poached eggs, meat (boiled, salted or roasted) and Sashimi were also considered the part of the royal meals. The royal banquets were of special significance and every possible variation of the food available in the country was presented in these occasions. (4)

Korean Cuisine in Post Joseon Dynasty

Colonial era is considered of utmost importance in terms of bringing variation in food and the production of new types of food. The colonial era introduced a number of new products or food items in Korean Cuisine, not because of the wish to include new ones, but, out of necessity. Like the large production of rice in Korea was exported to meet the needs of Japan. Things like millet rose, instant noodles and bread became the common items of food in Korean cuisine (5). After colonial era the breweries were opened in the country and people stopped making alcohol in their homes. Industrialization, modernization and the fast pace of the life compelled the people to introduce new items in their food. The Korean food included a lot of things other than rice, noodles, chilies and soy. Different types of stews, noodles, rice and barbeque items have grabbed their position in traditional Korean cuisine. The rice and noodles made are not only in the traditional way only i.e. using the traditional ingredients, a lot of variations are brought in these items in a way that they showed a lot of diversity while being Korean in nature. Bindaetteok, is the special types of Korean pancake, saeujeot (baby shrimp with Kimchi,), Budae jjigae (a stew made with spam and sausage, Samgyeopsal pork and the feet f the goung chickens are seasoned and coated with delicious sauces and are an important and famous Korean side dish (8). All these items, in Korean cuisine have not always been the part of this cuisine i.e. they were added over the time of fourteen centuries.

Influence of other countries

Korean cuisine has undergone the change for several centuries and attained its present position. Present Korean cuisine is the well representative of the political changes that came in the history and the influence of foreign counties that it faced, over the passage of time.

China: Kimchi that is most widely used in Korean cuisine was introduced to Korea in three kingdom period. The cabbage, now usually Napa cabbage, was introduced by the Chinese in the Korean pantries. (5)

Magnolia: When Mongols came to Korea they introduced black pepper, grilled meat, Mandu (stuffed dumplings) and a variety of noodles that are now considered the traditional foods of Korean cuisine. (5)

America: chilies that are considered the integral part of the seasoning in Korean cuisine were first introduced in the country by Americans in Joseon dynasty. Tomatoes, potatoes, sweet potatoes and corn were also introduced to the dining tables of Koreans, by Americans (5)

Japan: Kimbap is considered the Korean specialty, but, the idea of this food originally came from the sushi. It is also the combinations of foods like Kimchi and cheese. (5)

Korean cuisine is not the only one that has been influence by foreign agents and products. The sociality in these foods has been that, no matter which food products Koreans added in their pantry, the final food that they prepare as its own Korean touch and this special Korean touch has made it popular all over the world. (3)

Globalization of Korean Cuisine

Initially the style of presenting food on separate table was reserved for royals only. But after Joseon dynasty, a number of restaurants started presenting several food items on large dining tables. Now different items of the foods and the several courses of the menu are presented on the same table and the people can get them from there. Globalization and the restaurant industry provided the chance to Koreans to introduce their cuisine all over the world. their era of globalization has helped Korean food to penetrate into the daily foods of a number o countries especially America. While adjusting to the palate of the local people, Korean cuisine has become alternative cuisine for the people. (3)

Korean Cuisine in America

Korean food does not immediately enter the American food culture. It was in 2008 when serious efforts were made to make Korean cuisine one of the most preferred cuisines in the world. Korean food i.e. Hansik is promoted in all parts of the world especially America. Mainly the Americans visited Korea, and as the part of making Hansik global, ate Korean food there introduced it in their own country. Korean food mainly comprise of braised, boiled or grilled food, which means that they include minimum amount of fat and that’s why it is considered as the healthy alternative to the present America food. All groups of the food are included in Korean food, that’s why it has made it most desirable cuisine in America. (7)

Migration: It was not only due to the efforts of Korean government that this food was introduced in this country. A lot of Koreans migrated to America after World War II and especially after Korean War. Immigration laws, prior, helped a number of Koreans to migrate to America and become citizens. Most of the people actually came to take refuge, but, later adopted it as their second homeland. Initially Koreans were brought to America to work in field in Hawaii. In North America, major part of the Asian immigrants is Koreans (9). When Japan invaded Korea, a number of people flee to save their lives and earn better living. Korean Americans now comprise of a notable community in several states of America like New York and California. After 1950’s, a large number of international adoptions were done, also of Korean children and the large number of adoptions also contributed to bring a separate culture and set of traditions to America. Initially the Koreans who came to America were usually the poor paper, later when land was allotted to them and due to their hard work and labor, they started buying more land and now Koreans own different restaurants, grocery stores, salons, liquor stores and other related businesses. (6)

Introduction of Korean cuisine: Korean cuisine got real popularity when Korean Americans started opening grocery stores, stalls in food markets, restaurants and other food businesses. Increase in prosperity of Korean Americans helped them to introduce in the American food culture. Due to variety of food and the distinct taste of these foods encouraged Americans to try these foods and include them in their daily food? The people who have adopted Korean children also expose their children to Korean culture so that they should know their true heritage and culture. When these people expose them to Korean culture, then they also introduce Korean cuisine for them. Most of the times, when children like Korean cuisine, their respective American families also include this cuisine as the part of their weekly food. Several Korean restaurants were also opened with the passage of time and this helped Hansik to penetrate in American food culture. With the increasing number of Korean restaurants and food markets, no one can believe that it is not the food of Americans. Especially, the Koreans who own grocery stores and food markets, they make it sure that they have traditional items and ingredients of Korean cuisine. Presence of these items in markets and store give familiarity to common American and people often give them a try. (6)

The efforts done by the Korean government has helped in promoting Korean cuisine in America and the popularity of this cuisine also helped to increase tourism in Korea. After listening about this cuisine, Americans often try them and after trying these foods, they consider then the healthy and nutritious solution to the common fried and cheesy American fast food. Korean government has also used Hansik to promote tourism in their country and which ultimately helped them to increase revenue and introduce Korean culture all over the world. The people who have tried Hansik and have visited Korea often recommend this cuisine to their acquaintances, which is also helping to make Hansik popular among Americans. (6)

Korean food trucks: The culture of food truck is also become all over America. In every state of united states, food trucks are gaining popularity because they are really good alternative for readymade and on the move food. A number of food trucks selling Korean cuisine have become part of American food culture. They can be found everywhere in United States including Washington, New York, Dallas, Seattle, Los Angeles and Austin. They sell authentic Korean food to fusion of Korean and western food. These food trucks sell fusion foods that have special Korean touch to them. They sell food including: soya lime chicken, Korean spicy noodles, variation of Korean rice and a number of other food alternatives. (1)

A lot of sources have contributes in making Korean food popular in America and these sources have helped in helping Hansik to penetrate in American food culture.

Conclusion Korean and American foods seem to be the entirely different ones. The modern American food focuses on burgers, cheese, fried products and sandwiches. The modern foods have become popular among youth and it is observed the obesity is increasing because of these foods. In comparison to it, Korean cuisine provide good healthy and nutritious alternative of the food. The healthy rice, noodles dishes, kinmchi and the excessive use of meat and vegetables and using cooking methods of braising, grilling and boiling have make it popular among American and successfully made it alternative food for Americans.

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