国内医学教育体制及教学水平和国外存在着相当大的差距，所以国内学生直接申请海外名校医学专业难度很大。而且就算申请到学校，签证也很难，一般上本科的要7年才有资格行医，临床护理实习要3年，基本上就工作移民的专业。但是还是有很多立志从医的同学拿到了国外医学院校的offer，在国外，医学论文也是课程作业的一部分，很多同学都不知道怎么去写医学研究论文。Essay9就为大家总结了一篇医学英语论文写作技巧的文章，希望可以帮助到大家。

留学生英文医学论文（medicalpapers）的定义

医学论文是对整理和发表医学研究成果的一种特殊文本的总称，就其内容和文体特点而言科分为以下几种：

1．医学科研论文（scientificpapers）

2．调查报告（survey）

3．综述（review）

4．学位论文（theses）

5．医学科研论文（scientificpapers）

留学生医学科研论文的格式

医学科研论文必须具备以下几个部分：

（1）标题（title）

（2）摘要（abstract）

（3）引言（introduction）

（4）材料和方法（materials andmethods）

（5）结果（results）

（6）讨论（discussion）

（7）致谢（acknowledgement）

（8）参考文献（references）

一、标题

（一）要求1．简明扼要（short andconcise）

（1）尽量控制在一行，但不是一个句子

（2）不超过 25 个单词或120-140 个字母

（3）除 DNA、RNA、CT 等不用缩写

2．信息丰富 (informative)

3．便于索引（indexing）

4．较长标题可采用副标题

（二）标题写作中常用词组和表达方式

1．用…（方法／手段）对…进行研究／分析／观察／评价：

Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment) of(on) … (by) using 方法 /with 工具）

2．A 对 B 的作用

Effort of A on B

Protective effect of omeprazole on endothelin-inducedgastric mucosal injury

3．A 与 B 的关系

Correlation (relation/relationship) between A and B

Correlation of A with B and C

常用修饰词：positively/negatively/significantly/insignificantly

4．用…治疗…

Use of …in the treatment of …( 病）in…（生物）

Use of omeprazole in the treatment of gastric ulcer inthe elderly

5．A 是 B

A as B

二、著录部分书写

（一）姓名

标准式：WANG Luowei，HUANGYingfeng，GUO Xiao’an

（二）地址

800 Xiang Yin Road, Shanghai 200433, P.R.China

（三）资助

A project funded by the National “863” Program

三、摘要的分类与格式

摘要是作者要给读者的精华，分两大类：

（一）指示性摘要

（二）资料性摘要

1．非结构式摘要

缺点：段落不明，给编辑、审稿、阅读和计算机处理带来诸多不便

（1）目的

（2）设计

（3）地点

（4）对象

（5）处理

（6）主要测定项目

（7）结果

（8）结论

全结构式摘要的优点

（1）观点更明确

（2）信息量更大

（4）符合计算机数据库建立和使用的要求

全结构式摘要的缺点：烦琐、重复、篇幅过长

3．半结构式摘要（四要素摘要）

（1）目的（objective/purpose/aim）

（2）方法（methods）

（3）结果（results）

（4）结论（conclusion）

目的：是作者想要介绍的关键问题

一、目的格式

（一）单表目的

（二）背景＋目的

二、目的常用时态

（一）背景：现在时（一般现在时、完成时和进行时）

（二）目的：一般现在时／现在完成时，或一般过去时

（1）To evaluatethe effects on 24-hour intragastric pH levels of infusions with omeprazole andH2 receptor antagonists in bleeding duodenal ulcer patients.

（2）The role ofomeprazole in triple therapy and the impact of Helicobacter pylori resistanceon treatment outcome are not established. This study investigated the role ofomeprazole and influence of primary H. pylori resistance on eradication anddevelopment of secondary resistance.

主要用动词不定式 to 表达

1．直接用 to do 短语表达

举例：To determineif use of omeprazole protects against the gastric mucosal injury

2．The purpose/aim/objective/goal(ofpresent study is)was to

举例：The aim ofthis study was to determine the protective function of omeprazole on gastricmucosal injury

3．The present study is /wasdesigned/devised/intended to

举例：The presentstudy was designed to establish whether there might be a genetic predispositionto an altered pattern of anti-inflammatory cytokine produced in patients withirritable bowel syndrome

4．This study wasperformed/conducted/carried out/undertaken to

举例：Anexperimental study was conducted using a canine mode to elucidate …

5．Weaimed/sought to/attempted to

举例：We sought toassess whether there is an increased risk of tuberculosis among individuals whowork in certain industries occupations.

四、介绍目的常用动词

1．研究：study,investigate, examine, observe, explore 举例：Our objectivein this report is to examine the clinical feature, pathology and treatment forpatients with pancreatic cancer.

2．评价：evaluate,validate

举例：To evaluatesonography as a tool for initial diagnosis in emergency room patients withabdominal trauma.

3．确定：determine,decide, confirm, support, define, characterize

4．证实：prove,demonstrate, document, test, support, testify, verify

5．阐明、搞清：explain,elucidate, clarify, illustrate, delineate, find out, contribute to theknowledge of

6．介绍：describe,present, report

7．建立：establish,develop, set out

8．寻找：search for,look for, seek, find

9．识别、区分：identify,differentiate, discriminate

10．优选：optimize

11．比较：compare

12．回顾：review

13．相关：correlate Awith B

方法部分

（1）研究设计

（2）研究对象的特

（3）干预或处理方法

（4）测定或观察方法

一、研究对象的选择、来源及标准

1．纳入研究：were enteredinto/enrolled in/selected (randomly)

举例：A total of 169patients were included in the study, 83 of whom received……

2．排除或退出研究：were excludedfrom participation，withdrew from the study dueto/because to

举例：……Patientswith significant aortic valvular diseases were excluded.

二、研究对象的分组

1．……were divided into/classified/groupedinto

2．……were dividedrandomly/randomized into

3．…… were divided equally into

举例：Patients weredivided into three groups: Group 1…… Patients (n = 539) with a history ofduodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening test result were randomizedinto 4 groups. OAC group received 20 mg omeprazole, ……

三、年龄

1．某一年龄

举例：A 50-year-oldpatient. Patients (age 26±3 years).

2．在某年龄范围内及平均年龄

举例：Patients rangein age from …to…, with a mean of (50 years).

3．在某一年龄以上或以下

举例：Patients morethan 50 years. Patients under/less than 50 years.

四、性别、时间

1．性别

twelve patients (7 male and 5 female)

The male-to-female ratio was 1:4

2．时间

Body weight was measured weekly, and liver biopsy was obtainedat 4, 8 and 12 weeks. ……

五、诊断与治疗

1．诊断

be diagnosed as having …

2．治疗

be treated with…(alone or in combination with …)

举例：

（1）Patients (n =539) with a history of duodenal ulcer and a positive H. pylori screening testresult were randomized into 4groups. OAC group received 20 mgomeprazole,…

（2）50 patientswith active bleeding duodenal ulcer were randomly assigned to receive one ofthe four treatment regimens. …

结果部分

1．是文章结论的根据

2．应记录真实的科研数据

3．除指示性说明外，一般用过去时表示

一、常用句型

1．结果表明：The resultsshowed / demonstrated / revealed / documented / indicated/suggested…that…?Itwas found that…

举例：The resultsshowed that high thigh cuff Doppler technique was 79 percent sensitive, 56percent specific and 63 percent accurate.

2．与…有关：A was related/ correlated /associated with B. There was a relationship /correlation betweenA and B. There was a relation of A with B and C

举例：Insulinsensitivity index was negatively with blood velocity (r=0.530, P<0.05), bodymass index (r=o.563, P<0.01) and baseline insulinemia (r=0.489, P<0.05)

3．增加或减少

（1）表示数值增加的动词：increase,rise, elevate

（2）表示数值增加的名词：increase,increment, elevation

（3）表示数值减少的动词：decrease,reduce, fall, drop, decline, lower

（4）表示数值减少的名词：decrease,decrement, reduction, fall, drop, decline, lowering

（5）从…增加到…，平均增加…：increasefrom …to …, with a mean/average (increase) of …

（6）从…增加到…，总的增加…：increasefrom …to …, with an overall increase of …

（7）增加了 10％：increaseby (10%)

4．倍数比较

（1）增加或减少 3 倍：increaseby 3 fold (times). a 3-fold increase

（2）A 是 B 的 3 倍：Ais 3 fold (times) as…as B. A is 3 fold (times) B

5．结果的统计学意义

（1）明显不同（significantdifference）

（2）很明显不同（very/highlysignificant difference）

（3）区别不明显（ insignificantdifference）

（4）无区别（nonsignificant difference/no difference）

6．统计学意义常用句型

（1）There was/issignificant difference in…between A and B

（2）The differencein …between A and B was/is significant

（3）A was/issignificant difference from B in …

（4）No significantdifference was found / observed / noted in …between A and B

“in” 表示区分的性质或内容

举例：

①There were nosignificant difference between treatment groups in symptoms and lung function(P>0.05).

②Significantdifference were not noted in the level of HDL cholesterol, and LDL peakparticle diameter before and after treatment

结论部分：是作者发表观点和见解，给读者的精髓部分

1．归纳性说明研究结果或发现

2．结论性说明结果的可能原因、机理或意义

3．前瞻性说明未解决的问题

一、结论部分时态

1．过去时

（1）涉及本研究的内容

（2）涉及他人研究过程的内容

2．现在时

（1）指示性说明

（2）普遍接受的思想、理论或结论

（3）作者认为本研究结论具有普遍意义

（4）前瞻性说明

举例：Our findingsindicate that hepatitis C is a progressive disease [指示性说明 - 现在时]，butonly a few died during the average 20.4 years after the initiation of injectiondrug use [本试验过程中发生的事 - 过去时］. Antiviraltreatment to eradicate the virus and halt the progression of diseases isindicated in this group of patients [ 作者认为具有普遍意义的结论 - 现在时].

二、结论部分常用句型

1．结果提示…：These results suggest that…

举例：These data confirm the presence of at least two major HCV genotypes in Nigeria.

2．结果支持或反对某种观点：These results support the idea that…；These results fail to support the idea that…

举例：These results do not support the idea that treatment to lower cholesterol concentration cause mood disturbance.

3．表示观点的确定或不确定性：There is no evidence that…；It is likely/unlikely that …

举例：There is no evidence that NIDDM produce any change in bone metabolism or mass.

4．具有…意义：Beof great (some/little/no) clinical significance in…to …

举例：The detection of p53 gene is of great clinical significance in tumor diagnosis.

5．前瞻性说明：…remain to be further studied；It is remains to be proved that…

举例：However, the relation of insulin resistance to hypertension remains to be further studied.

6．插入语：This is the first case of pancreas divisum.

举例：This is the first case, to our knowledge, of pancreas divisum.

通过上述对于留学生英文医学论文写作技巧的辅导讲解后，各位是否也已经学会了英文医学论文改怎么样去写才能够能够取得高分，甚至是成为招生老师对我们留学申请印象加分的重要工具呢？英文医学论文主要是用来整理现有的医学理论和新的医学研究成果，因此在写作的过程中我们要格外的注意写作格式的规范问题。-xz